Pet Bucket Blog

  What is a heart murmur? A heart murmur is an abnormal noise caused by turbulent blood flow within the heart or the large vessels exiting from the heart. It is usually picked up by a vet when they listen to your cat's heart. A heart murmur is a symptom rather than a disease and it generally signifies an underlying heart condition. The vet will then assess and grade the heart murmur, based on how loud the murmur is, however other factors are considered, for example the area in which the murmur can be heard. The grade of the heart murmur does not always correlate with the severity of the underlying heart problem. Some loud murmurs may only represent a small heart defect, while severe heart conditions may not have anything to do with the presence of a heart murmur. What causes a heart murmur? A heart murmur can sometimes be caused by: disturbed blood flow through abnormal valves, outflow obstructions, diseased valves or a defect in the septum. There are other health conditions that can also cause heart murmurs: Congenital heart defects Anemia Bacterial infection of the heart valve Hyperthyroidism High blood pressure Heartworm What are the symptoms of a heart murmur? The symptoms your cat will express depends on what is causing the heart murmur and in fact, in many cases there may be no symptoms at all. Lethargy Weight loss Loss of appetite Coughing Blue gums Difficulty breathing Swollen abdomen Weakness Poor growth How do you treat a heart murmur? Treatment will entirely depend on what is causing the heart murmur. After initial diagnosis, an X-ray of the heart and/or a cardiac ultrasound will be performed. This will look to see if there is an underlying heart disease causing the murmur. A referral to a specialist may be required as are further tests. However if your cat is generally very well and showing no clinical symptoms, then you may be asked to return in a few months to see if any changes or deterioration has occurred. If there are no real changes to your cat's condition then they may just have to be monitored periodically. Feature image credit          

  Bringing home a kitten is an exciting time, full of transition, discovery and plenty of cute moments. Before you know it, they are fast approaching adult hood and a whole new range of changes are required, including their diet. Kitten food is specifically made for kitties up until a year old. It will contain high levels of protein and fat which provides them with plenty of energy which is needed whilst their bodies are growing and developing. Protein also helps your cat's muscles to develop. Kitten food is also full of essential minerals like calcium, potassium and phosphorus for their teeth and bones. At one year of age, your cat enters adulthood and while they may still seem their usual playful, kitten selves, their bodies are starting to now require different things to see them through a happy and healthy adulthood. This is when you will need to begin the transition to adult food. The transition should take place over a week, where you slowly introduce the new food. On the first two days, the ratio should be 75% kitten food and 25% adult food. On the third and fourth days, it should be 50% of each while days five and six the combination will now be 25% kitten food and 75% adult food and then on the seventh day your cat should be eating just adult food. By following this method, you will avoid any stomach and digestive upsets. While your cat is making the switch, keep a close eye on their weight and general overall health to make sure they are receiving the right amount of food. Initially you should give them the amount recommended and if you feel they are being fed too much or too little, adjust portion sizes accordingly. You should always choose a high quality food product as these are better equipped to keep weight under control, deliver all the essential vitamins and minerals, and strengthen the body and immune system. Following this, your kitten will be all set for a strong and healthy adulthood.

Do you think your dog is urinating more than it should? Are you perhaps concerned that the reason for the excess urination is due to an underlying medical condition? Generally, a healthy dog will drink 3-4 cups of water for every 20 pounds of body weight, and will on average urinate 10-20 ml for each pound of body weight per day. If you are still unsure whether your dog is drinking and urinating a healthy amount, you can always leave out a specific amount of water, and then at night time measure how much water is left over to get a picture of their water consumption. A dog's size, general health, age and sex will effect a dog's urination frequency. Usually, small and younger dogs will urinate more than larger and older dogs. Typically, an adult dog should be urinating 3-5 times a day. Taking all of this information in, if you are at all concerned that your dog is either drinking and/or urinating too frequently, take them to your vet where tests can be performed. There are many different reasons and types of conditions that could be causing the increased thirst and urination, so your vet will initially perform a physical examination and take blood and urine tests and a blood cell count. If a cause has not been found from these preliminary tests then your vet will consider hormonal disorders, psychogenic (illnesses caused by emotional or mental stresses) causes or other rare conditions. Possible causes for excessive thirst (polydipsia) or excessive urination (polyuria) Cushing's disease Pyometra (infection of the uterus) Liver disease Pituitary gland problems Kidney failure Canine diabetes High blood calcium levels Urinary tract infection Hyperthyroidism Cystitis Kidney infection A congenital disorder A reaction to a particular drug A tumour, possibly in the pituitary, liver, adrenal glands, anal sacs or malignant lymphoma. Feature image credit    

  Meningitis is a serious condition that affects the central nervous system in dogs just as it is in humans. Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, the membranous layers that protect the outside of the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is incredibly painful and without early medical intervention, it can be unfortunately fatal. Symptoms High fever Stiff muscles Muscle spasms Hypersensitivity Stilted gait Depression Lethargic Nausea Rigidity of muscles (neck and limbs) Loss of appetite Vomiting Inability to bend legs Poor coordination Move in uncontrollable circles In severe cases, symptoms may also escalate to: Extreme depression Blindness Progressive paralysis Seizures Confusion Agitation Aggression Causes Generally meningitis is a secondary complication to a disease that has started elsewhere including viral, bacterial, parasitic or fungal infections. Other causes include: Exposure to chemical toxins Infected bite wounds on the head or neck Bacterial migration to the brain from infected sinuses, nasal passages or middle ear infections. Any dog of any breed, age or gender can be affected by meningitis, however newborn pups are particularly at risk. Meningitis is incredibly serious and immediate veterinarian attention will be required to give your dog the best chance of recovery. Feature image credit

  Bloat is when a dog's stomach fills with fluid, air or food. The bloated stomach then puts pressure on other organs, cause difficulty breathing and decreases the blood supply to a dog's vital organs. However bloat is also often commonly referred to another condition, gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). It's a life-threatening condition, where the stomach is rotated and twisted and needs immediate veterinary attention. Unfortunately, many dogs die because of this, even with medical intervention. Symptoms of Bloat / GDV Weakness Pale gums Shortness of breath Distended abdomen Attempting to vomit or retching without bringing anything up. Excessive salivation Cold body temperature Rapid heart beat Collapse Causes While there is no exact cause for GDV, bloat is thought to be caused by certain triggers including: overeating or drinking, eating one large meal per day, eating too quickly, a diet of dry-food only, excessive exercise after meals, stress or trauma. Treatment If your dog has bloat, your veterinarian will more than likely take an X-ray of the area and may try to relieve the stomach of gas and fluids by placing a tube to the stomach through the oesophagus. If your dog has GDV, emergency surgery will be required. It's quite high risk, with many complications that could possibly occur during or post surgery. Some vets might even attach a dog's stomach to the side of the abdominal cavity to prevent it happening again. Prevention Make sure your dog maintains a healthy weight Feed your dog regular, small meals throughout the day. Avoid strenuous exercise before and after meals Maintain normal water consumption If recommended by your vet, add canned food to your dog's diet. High-risk breeds All breeds of dogs are able to get bloat, however there are some breeds of dogs that are more prone to developing GDV. Dogs with long chests, such as Irish setters, German shepherds, basset hounds and boxers are types of dogs that have a higher predisposition to developing GDV. Some owners actually get a procedure performed called a prophylactic gastropexy surgery, essentially fixing the stomach into place.   If you think your dog has bloat, take them to the vet immediately – any delays can have a fatal outcome, especially if your dog has GDV rather than bloat. Feature image credit                  

  Just like humans, cats also experience the unpleasantness that is vomiting. Fortunately, vomiting doesn't always signify that there is something gravely wrong with your cat and more often than not, there is a perfectly reasonable explanation for it. Reasons why your cat may vomit Sudden diet changes If your cat is used to the same diet, any changes that you want to make needs to be done gradually, otherwise it can upset their stomach and cause them to be sick. Food allergies Some cats may vomit if they can't tolerate corn and grains that is commonly found in dry food. Medication Some medications can cause a stomach upset. If that's the case take your cat to the vets to be prescribed something else. Eating too much too quickly Some cats will eat their meals far too quickly and even swallow it without properly chewing it. This can cause stomach bloating and irritation, causing sickness. If this is the case, try feeding your cat regular, light and smaller meals. And always choose the highest quality food possible. Motion sickness Some cats can experience motion sickness. If you need to take your cat on a journey, you should do some short practice runs prior to your genuine, longer journey. You can also avoid feeding them prior to your journey and cover up their carrier with a towel. Hairballs Hairballs are common and vomiting is quite a usual way for a cat to expel them. Eating grass is a common way for cats to help bring up a hairball.   If your cat is vomiting a lot they may be at risk of dehydration. Signs of dehydration include: Panting Thirst Lethargy Dull coat Skin loses elasticity If you think your cat is dehydrated take them to the vet immediately. Frequent vomiting can also sometimes signify a more serious chronic disease such as diabetes, kidney or liver disease, pancreatitis or inflammatory bowel disease. If your cat is vomiting a few times a week, take your cat to the vet so tests can be run. When to take your cat to the vet If vomiting is continuous If there are worms or objects in the vomit If vomiting occurs every few hours for eight hours or more If there is blood present – digested blood resembles dark coffee granules If your cat has been near poisonous substances If your cat appears depressed, lethargic or unwell, especially coupled with other symptoms like weight loss, diarrhoea or constipation. Generally, if your cat vomits once or twice and appears happy and healthy then you have nothing to worry about, but keep a close eye on any accompanying symptoms or anything unusual appearing in your feline's vomit.

  If you're thinking about adopting a new cat, have you considered taking home an older cat to become your new forever friend. While many people feel that they may only have a few good years left with an adult cat, don't forget that many cats can live well into their teens or twenties, so you'll have plenty of many happy, healthy years together. People also worry that an adult cat must have many behavioural issues, but usually it's because of the previous owners that a cat ends up in a shelter. As you can imagine, many people opt to adopt cute, playful kittens, but there are many benefits to choosing an adult cat. Benefits to adopting an older cat: If you work full-time or lead a busy lifestyle, an older cat is perfect because they tend to be more independent and are quite happy to spend time home alone. Are often already litter-box trained. However be prepared for some mishaps, which is a common occurrence when introduced to new and unfamiliar surroundings. Adult cats are less boisterous so are a great option for families with children or seniors. Adult cats are usually less maintenance. Their personalities are already developed, so you will know what you're getting. Older cats tend to get on well with your existing pets. Usually you'll get to know the full history of the cat, including its medical history. Some things to remember: At the rescue shelter, be open about your lifestyle and home life so you can be recommended cats that would suit your life perfectly. Your potential new cat could've been mistreated by a previous owner so be prepared to take on the extra baggage, which will require extra patience. Some older cats are set in their ways, so before you take them home make sure you are compatible. If the cat you are set on was abandoned or is a stray – it won't be possible to know its full medical history, so make sure it gets a thorough medical examination – either by your own vet or at the rescue shelter. Bringing your new cat home: Before bringing your new cat home, make sure you've bought all the supplies you need in advance. Get your cat micro-chipped and a collar with your details on it in case they become lost. Set up a private room, preferably away from high-traffic areas so your cat can get used to their new strange environment in their own time. Make sure there is food and water bowls, a litter tray and plenty of toys for them to play with. Keep them on a structured routine – this will greatly help them to settle in to their surrounds. Don't bombard your new friend too much. Give them plenty of space and be patient – let them get familiar with their new home in their own time. After this initial period, start to introduce your cat to other members of your house – including other cats, if you have them. During the first week, visit the vet to get them checked over. Feature image credit  

  We all know how important it is to make sure your dog has plenty of regular exercise, usually in the form of a brisk walk or even some swimming in the warmer weather – but what happens if you're partial to roller skating? Is that a suitable activity to enjoy with your dog? For every supporter of roller skating with dogs, there is also critics who claim it's dangerous for both you and your dog. While roller skating with your dog is a really fun activity and is a great way to provide them with really strenuous exercise, it's not an activity that anyone can just pick up and do. Before you take your dog with you on a skating jaunt, you first need to be a proficient and experienced skater yourself, used to responding quickly to different surfaces and obstacles. Secondly, your dog also needs to be obedient so you're able command them to stop if things get out of hand. While it seems like a lot of fun, and it can be, there are some dangers to consider before strapping on the skates. A dog that hasn't been trained enough, can get caught up in the leash, causing potential injury to the owner and/or the dog. An unruly dog can take off and rumble through pedestrians and vehicles. Dogs can take off after other dogs and small animals. Can easily trip, fall and injure yourself on pavements, uneven surfaces and small obstructions. Tips for a fun and safe skating experience Make sure you've received proper skating training or are very proficient at it. Get your dog plenty of obedience training – particularly the ability to stop on command. Choose places to skate without vehicles. Go skating at times of day where less people are around-early morning is a good option. Wear all the appropriate safety gear. Make sure you obey all safety rules and regulations – and remain alert. Be mindful of other pedestrians – and be polite! Use a longer leash than normal, in fact using a harness leash is best to avoid choking in cases of emergency. If it's hot weather, only skate for a short amount of time, or leave your dog at home, or even stick to a good old classic walk (or swim!) Keep your dog hydrated. Don't go too hard too soon – work to levels that you're both comfortable with. If the ground is too hot, your dog won't be able to cool down as they perspire through their feet. Keep a close eye on your dog's movements as running on the pavement can be hard on your dog's joints. If it looks like they are showing signs of discomfort – stop. Check your dog's feet for worn down pads – if they have become worn down, take your dog off to the vet. Feature image credit  

  We're often told that we need around 30 minutes a day of exercise to keep us healthy and our weight under control. At the same time, people who engage in strenuous activity are encouraged to have a rest day to allow their bodies to repair. So should it be the same for our dogs? Essentially, dogs need daily exercise. Not only is it beneficial for them physically, but it's good for their mental well being. It's also great for owners, because as many owners would surely attest, a lack of exercise also makes for a bored and potentially destructive dog! How much exercise is required depends on how old your dog is, their health, weight and what breed they are. If you are unsure, speak with your vet about how much exercise and what intensity of exercise is appropriate for your dog. Generally speaking, all dogs should receive one brisk walk a day, better still, two walks a day, for 30 minutes a time. Try and walk as briskly as possible, even if it's not for the entirety of the walk – just ten minutes of your walk at a brisk pace will make a big difference – to your dogs health, their behaviour and it will also wear them out so they sleep soundly! When exercising, your dog will let you know if the level of intensity is too much for them. If they are lagging behind, sitting down or panting, it may be time to give your dog a break and get them plenty of water. If your dog is older and suffers from joint pain or arthritis you can take them swimming as an alternative. Running around the yard is not the same as a brisk walk outdoors, because not only will your dog fail to meet the level of activity they require to remain fit, getting them outdoors is important mentally as the fresh and new surroundings is important to keep them alert and allow them to enjoy socialising with other dogs. Benefits of daily exercise: Helps dogs mentally reboot Stops destructive behaviour Keeps muscles strong and supple Maintains a health weight Releases endorphins Reduces stress Strengthens human-canine bond While most professionals will tell you that your dog should be exercised daily, some owners decide to give their dogs a day off to let their bodies rest and repair – especially working and sporting dogs who are engaging in physical activity for a good few hours a day. However, you'll probably find many dogs have seemingly endless stamina and don't ever really appreciate a day off, much favouring the chance to get outside! Of course there are other dogs, who are quite happy to spend a day relaxing around the house, but just like us, sometimes they need to be encouraged to exercise – for their own good! At the end of the day, you know your dog best and can decide whether they really would benefit from a day off from exercise – just make sure to never to compromise what's really best for them.

Some dogs seem to be able to eat just about anything and feel just fine, from garbage, to an unidentifiable dead thing they found in the park, to cockroaches…   Other dogs aren’t so lucky. Even their regular kibble seems to give them a stomach upset, resulting in vomiting and diarrhoea. If your dog is predisposed to feeling queasy, here are a few ideas that might help you to soothe their roiling stomach.    Check for allergies   A dog who has problems with regular dog food may be allergic to an ingredient which causes a negative reaction in their digestive system. Gluten, soy and corn are often components of dry and wet dog food products that may disagree with some dogs.   In conjunction with your vet, it is possible to undertake an experimental program in which individual food components are removed one at a time in order to determine if an allergy exists. For example, if symptoms desist after an ingredient such as wheat is removed, it is likely the dog has a gluten-intolerance. Once you have identified a problem-ingredient, helping your dog feel well is achieved simply through removing it from their dinner bowl by switching to a different food product.   Change to a specially formulated diet   Many dog food companies have developed products specifically tailored for dogs with stomach sensitivity. These foods can help put an end to issues a sensitive dog may have with commonplace dog food recipes. Generally speaking, the more meat and vegetable the product contains the better. Usually the higher quality the ingredients the easier they are to digest so paying a little extra can pay off long term, with less need to visit the vet. Avoid fatty foods (more than 15% fat is a big no-no) as they are much harder to break down than carbohydrates and protein. Fibres such as beet pulp can further assist in improving digestive function and go towards settling your pup’s tummy.   Keep it simple   It may seem unkind to give a dog the same food all the time – it would be boring after all for us to eat the same thing everyday. Yet when it comes to dogs with sensitive stomachs, variety is not the spice of life. Restricting the number of different kinds of food can help prevent aches and pains. Keep him or her largely on one kind of food and add one additional variety of treat they are fond of to give on occasion – and make sure they aren’t sneaking scraps from the garbage!